Create Accessible Documents

Your first step to creating an accessible document is setting the colors, fonts, and styles. These will help direct the design of your document.

These tools help you quickly change the look and feel of your entire document. Review Using University Web Colors in Web Graphics and the Boise State Brand Standards site for details on using Boise State’s accessible fonts and colors.

After setting your styles, you can then apply those styles to different elements of your document including titles and headings. If you are starting from a document that already has styles applied, you can quickly clear the formatting and start over with your new style. Lists and columns are available to help format your text into a more readable format and you can adjust the line and paragraph spacing, add section breaks, adjust the margins, or change the orientation of your document.

• Styles – Turn on styles to quickly apply style tags to your document to add design and structure.
• Bullets – Use bullet lists to organize information into lists where order does not matter. Example, ingredients in a recipe don’t require a specific order.
• Numbering – Use numbered lists to organize information into lists where order does matter. Example, steps in a recipe must be performed in order.
• Columns – Use columns, and not tables, to layout content in two or more columns.
• Line and Paragraph Spacing – Instead of adding hard returns or adding extra spaces manually, use the Line and Paragraph Spacing tool to add spacing between the objects in your document.
• Breaks – The Breaks tool allows you to create more accessible, and more precise, breaks between pages, columns, and sections in your document.
• Margins – Use the Margins tool to apply new margins to your entire document.
• Orientation – Change the orientation of your document with the orientation tool.

Clear Formatting – Need to start over? Clear formatting removes any styles currently present in your content. Clear a section or the entire document by highlighting the content you want cleared then using the Clear Formatting tool.

Anytime you are inserting content, like links, pictures, shapes, icons, tables, charts, or screenshots, into your document, you must describe it. For more tips on how to describe content, see Webguide: Describing Images and Webguide: Describing Complex Images

• Link – Links require descriptive text instead of the URL. You can add this using the “Text to Display” field on the insert link tool.
• Pictures, Online Pictures, Shapes, Icons, Screenshot, Alt Text – Images require an alt text description or must be marked as decorative. Use the Picture, Online Pictures, Shapes, Icons, or Screenshot tools to insert your images, then use the Alt Text tool to add a description or mark as decorative. Note: Only mark as decorative if the image provides no additional content or context to your document or is fully described within the text itself.
• Chart, Add Chart Element – Charts require labels, colors with contrast, and legends to help users better navigate the content.
• Table, Repeat Header Rows, Table Styles – Tables require a header row and also benefit from a heading and brief description immediately before the table to help describe the content and context

Align, Position, Wrap Text – Use the Align, Position, and Wrap Text tools to arrange the objects within your document. Note: Objects not set to wrap “in line with text” may cause an accessibility error, however, you can adjust the order of the image in a PDF format.

If you need to include references, you can insert footnotes, citations, bibliographies, captions, or an index using the tools in this section of the ribbon.

If you have accurately tagged your content using styles you can easily add navigational aids with table of contents, headers, footers, and page numbers.

Lastly, review your document to ensure it is readable, easy to navigate, and has no accessibility errors.

• Navigation Pane – Use the Navigation Pane to get a quick overview of your document’s structure.
• Check Accessibility – Use the Check Accessibility tool to identify any areas in your document where users with disabilities might encounter issues.
• Spelling & Grammar – Use the Spelling & Grammar tool to help proofread your document for any spelling or grammar issues.
• Add Title to Doc Properties – Give your document a descriptive title. This is the information announced to screen reader users and displayed in a browser for documents shared on the web. Without a descriptive title, your document doesn’t have an identity.
• Read Aloud – Use the Read Aloud tool to listen to your document. This won’t be the exact same experience as using a screen reader but can help you proof the document and find any areas that may not be as easy to comprehend.

Set Language – Set the language of your document. If you have a section of text in your document in a different language, you can highlight that section and change the language using this tool.

After ensuring your word document is fully accessible and free of errors you can save as a PDF using one of the following methods:

• Create PDF – If you have installed the Adobe plugin you can select the option to Create a PDF.
• Create CommonLook PDF – If you have a license for CommonLook Office, you can Create a CommonLook PDF.
• Save as Another File Type – If you don’t have either the Adobe or CommonLook Office plugins, you can Save as Another File Type. Select this option then choose PDF as the Save as Type.

After saving your document, it may open automatically in Adobe. If it doesn’t, simply open your Adobe Pro application, then navigate to where your document was saved and complete the following steps A-F.

You must have a license to Adobe Acrobat Pro to fully verify and remediate PDF documents. Contact your department or college administrator to request an Acrobat Pro license, or send a request to the Help Desk at helpdesk@boisestate.edu. With Adobe Acrobat Pro you can complete steps A-F to review and verify your document’s accessibility.

If you are responsible for creating and remediating a large number of documents each year, we recommend purchasing CommonLook PDF. This is not currently provided by the University and must be purchased separately. Reviewing your document with CommonLook is a slightly different process.

Once in Adobe, the first thing you need to do is walk the tag tree. These document tags are what make a document accessible to different types of access technology like screen readers, braille displays, or even keyboards.

Where a sighted person uses their eyes to read and understand the organization or structure of a document, tags communicate that same organization and structure to the person using access technology such as a screen reader so they can read the document in an equitable way. For this reason, the tags must replicate the visual layout of the document.

To verify the tag structure, open the Tag navigation pane. If you don’t have the Tag pane added, go to View, Show Hide, Navigation and then select Tags.

If you have followed steps 1-6 in this document, the you should see tags in this pane. They should also resemble the styles you set in your Word document prior to saving as a PDF. If you see No Tags Available, you may have printed as a PDF instead of saving as a PDF. Verify your Word document has styles and re-save as a PDF.

After verifying your document has tags, access the Accessibility tool. If this tool is not available in your list of Tools select More Tools, find Accessibility and then select Add.

From your list of tools select Accessibility and then select Accessibility Check. When the dialog box for Accessibility Checker Options opens, select Start Checking.

If you have links in your document, you may have a review item that says navigation links needs manual check. Review all your hyperlinks and make sure they are correct then right-click the item and select pass.

Another common issue is the document title. Locate this error, right-click and select fix. If you’ve added your title in Microsoft Word, it will automatically update. If you didn’t add your title in Microsoft Word, a dialogue box will appear for you to add the title. Add a descriptive title and select OK.

If you are unsure what the title of the document is, open the document properties by selecting CRTL+D or File then Properties to access the Document Properties window. Review the Title field in the Description tab and adjust as needed.

The other thing you need to review is color. If you’re using the accessible Boise State color palette in your document, you can right-click and select pass. If you aren’t using Boise State’s accessible colors you may need to review these in more detail. One tool that can help with this review is the Colour Contrast Analyser (CCA) from TPGi.

The last item that needs review is the logical reading order. This is the order that content is readout from a screen reader and most often mirrors the tag tree.

If you don’t have the order pane added, go to View, Show Hide, Navigation and then select Order.

Occasionally, you may need to reorder any images that were added to your Word document with text wrapping. To change the reading order simply grab your image from the Order navigation pane and drag it to where you need it to go.

You’ll need to do this review for however many pages are in your document. Go through each page and do a visual review to make sure everything is listed in a way that makes sense. If there’s anything that looks a little weird or out of place, drag and rearrange as needed.

For example, if you have an image on your document that logically should have the alt text description read after the third paragraph of text but it’s currently in the seventh position in the reading order you can drag the image and drop it after the third paragraph. Now, your document will read out the three paragraphs of text and then the alternative text description of your image before reading the next paragraph of text.

If your document was accessible in word and you don’t have any images, charts, or tables on the page you more than likely do not need to make any changes. If you find any blank content that may be just an extra space that carried over so you can select it and delete.

Once you’ve verified the Logical reading order you can right click on the item, select pass, then save your accessible PDF document.